Global Chinese Culture

In the West, Powers of Ten increments are in multiples of thousands (10 to the power 3, 10^3): thousand/kilo (10^3), million/mega (1^6), (American) billion/giga (10^9), Trillion/tetra (10^12) and so on.
Evolved from ancient times, the modern Chinese names for the powers of ten numbering system are in multiples of ten thousand:
10^4 (万 wan, ten thousand) ,
10^8 (亿 yi, one hundred million),
10^12 ( 兆 zhao, one trillion*),
10^16 (京 jing, ten quadrillion*),
10^20 (陔 gai, one hundred quintillion*).
10^24 (秭 zi, one septillion*),
10^28 (壤 rang, ten octillion*),
10^32 (沟 gou, one hundred nonillion* ),
10^36 (涧 jian, one undecillion*),
10^40 (正 zheng, ten duodecillion*),
10^44 (载 zai , one hundred tredecillion*) and
10^48 (极 ji, one quindecillion*). (*American units.)
I mentioned “modern Chinese” because in ancient times the same set of nomenclature (兆,京.陔.秭,壤.沟.涧.正.载.极) was used for more than one set of powers of ten progression. The lack of standardization often leads to dispute in interpreting old texts. With few exceptions, the unit of 亿 yi is one hundred million, but there were at least three other systems of what the rest stand for. The one I have come across several times was in multiples of 10^8 (one hundred thousand of one hundred thousand):
亿yi 10^8,
兆zhao 10^16,
京jing 10^24
…
极 zi 10^88.
In the Northern Song Dynasty (北宋 960-1127 CE). text, 皇极经世书 The Book of Supreme Principles Governing the World, the author Siu Yung (邵雍 1011-1077), in a discussion of how the hexagrams of Yi Chang evolved to cover everything in heaven and on earth, mentioned some huge numbers that were clearly in multiples of 10^8.
For example: 天起于一,而终于七秭九千五百八十六万六千一百一十垓九千九百四十六万四千八京八千四百三十九万一千九百三十六兆。
This world starts with one (unity) and ends with (for an easier read, I will put that down in numbers) 7 zi 95866110 gai 99464008 jing 84391936 zhao.
In other words, the end of universe is calculated by ancient Chinese at the exact number of:
7*10^40 + 95866110*10^32 + 99464008*10^24 + 84391936*10^16.
Tory Chears
May 21st, 2011 at 7:44 am
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